Abstract :
Stroke merupakan kerusakan pada otak yang disebabkan karena gangguan peredaran
darah sehingga oksigen dan nutrisi ke otak tidak terpenuhi dengan baik. Stroke menjadi
penyebab kematian kedua di dunia pada tahun 2013 dan penyebab kematian pertama
di Indonesia pada tahun 2014. Stroke adalah salah satu penyebab terjadinya kematian
dan kecacatan. Setiap tahunnya, sekitar 15 juta orang di seluruh dunia mengalami
stroke dan 30% diantaranya mengalami kecacatan termasuk gangguan fungsi kogntif.
58% pasien pascastroke mengalami gangguan kognitif dan sebagian mengalami
demensia. Mengidentigikasi faktor risiko gangguan kognitif sedini mungkin dapat
membantu mengurangi risiko terjadinya gangguan kognitif yang lebih berat. Adapun
faktor yang mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif pascastroke adalah faktor usia,
jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, jenis stroke, riwayat penyakit dahulu seperti
hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus, kekambuhan stroke dan frekuensi konsumsi air
minum. Penelitian ini membahas tentang faktor-faktor risiko yang berpengaruh
terhadap gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien pascastroke di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto
bulan Desember tahun 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional
dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total
sampling. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dan melihat data rekam medis. Status
kognitif menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Penelitian
dilakukan di poliklinik saraf RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Data dianalisis menggunakan
Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap
gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien pasca stroke adalah faktor usia dengan rentang
usia > 75 tahun dan faktor kekambuhan terjadinya stroke yaitu > 2 kali.
Kata kunci: faktor risiko, stroke, fungsi kognitif, Mini Mental State Examination. / Stroke is a brain damage confition which is a result of interferences in patients? blood
flow. This unfortunate occurrence hampered oxygen and nutrition supplies towards the
brain. In 2013, stroke recorded as the second disease in the world which produced the
most casualties that year. While in Indonesia, stroke was sentenced as the killer with
the most causalties in 2014. Despite of having killed so many people, this disease is
also considered as one the primary causes of disabilities. Each and every year, 15
million people in the world suffer from stroke and 30% out of that amount experienced
cognitive function disorder and some of them suffer from dementia. Successfully
identifying cognitive function disorders? risk factor may be helpful in decreasing the
occurring chance of havier cognitive function disorders. Some factors which
contributed to occurrences of post-stroke cognitive function disorders are age factor,
gender, education, type of stroke, history of previous disease like hypertention and
diabetes mellitus, stroke reccurence, and water consumption frequency. This research
is an observational analytic research with cross-sectional design. Sample-taking was
done using total sampling method. Data were acquired from interviews and examining
medical records of the patients. Cognitive states of the patients were defined by
utilizing Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Research was done
in neurogical policlinic in RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Data was analyzed using ChiSquare. This research shows that risk factors which contributed towards cognitive
function disorder of post-stroke patients are age factor with age range > 75 years old
and stroke recurrence factor which is > 2 times.
Keywords: risk factor, stroke, cognitive function, Mini mental state examination.